Reduced burnout in medical and health science students during the pandemic COVID-19 - a follow-up study of a single institution in Hungary.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic has significantly impacted lives worldwide, especially of medical and health science students. In Hungary, education has been relegated to the online space, with a substantial proportion of students having to attend medical secondments. Increased stress, uncertainty, and the presence of medical secondments can have an impact on students' premature burnout. METHODS: In 2021, we conducted a follow-up survey among students of the University of Pécs studying medicine and health sciences in two data collection periods (from March to May and September to November). Our online questionnaire consisted of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey for Students and our self-designed questionnaire. We used descriptive and paired two-sample t-tests for data analysis at a 95% confidence interval (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: We excluded from our survey respondents whose data we could not follow-up; finally, 183 students' responses were analyzed. The majority of students were female (n = 148; 80.9%). Overall, there was a significant decrease in both exhaustion (EX) and cynicism (CY) scores (p = 0.001; p = 0.004). Female respondents had higher EX scores, but a significant decrease was observed for both genders (p ≤ 0.05). Excluding paramedic students, a significant decrease in EX scores was observed for the specialties we studied (p ≤ 0.05). General medicine students' CY scores decreased; physiotherapy students' profesisonal efficacy (PE) scores increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Students who were on medical secondments (n = 127; 69. 4%) were found to be more affected by burnout, but in all cases, these scores significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05). Students serving in the National Ambulance Service (n = 76; 41.5%), Hospitals (n = 44; 24.0%), or both (n = 7; 3.8%) had a significant decrease in their burnout score (p ≤ 0.05). Students who served in either a hospital or a hospital and National Ambulance Service had significantly improved CY and PE scores (p ≤ 0.05). Students concerned about their health had elevated EX and CY scores, which also improved (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, medical secondments positively affected student burnout scores for medicine and health sciences students at our institution. This fact implies that it is necessary to have more internships in real-life settings during the training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Our survey has been approved by the Medical Research Council (Case No IV/4573-1/2021/ECU).

The Relationship Between Workplace Burnout and Male Depression Symptom Assessed by the Korean Version of the Gotland Male Depression Scale.

Screening for depression in males is important because their symptoms differ from those of females, ranging from indications of aggression to attempts at suicide. Men and women differ in their responses to job stress. There are no tools that have been verified, developed, or translated for screening male depression in Korea. Our team translated the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) into Korean. The Korean version of GMDS (K-GMDS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were administered to 277 office workers in one public institution. Gender differences in each scale score were measured along with the correlation between the K-GMDS and the MBI-GS. There was no significant difference in the K-GMDS score between males and females, whereas females scored significantly higher on the MBI-GS (p < .001). The correlation between the K-GMDS total score and the MBI total score (male: r = .702, p < .001, female: r = .375, p < .001) and MBI subscale scores were higher in males than females. Gender moderated the relationship between total K-GMDS and total MBI scores (p < .001). The Korean version of the GMDS is suitable for screening male depression symptoms in the workplace. The results of the K-GMDS demonstrated a strong correlation between depressive symptoms and work-related burnout among men. This study can be used as a basis for studying male depression symptoms in Korea, which has not been studied extensively. This will prove beneficial for work environments.

Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey in Colombia.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) is a widely used scale that measures burnout in the general professions. Debate persists regarding the factor structure of the MBI-GS, and there is scarce empirical evidence about the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the MBI-GS in Spanish-speaking samples. Moreover, the psychometric properties of the MBI-GS have not been analyzed in Colombia. This study aimed to analyze the internal consistency, factor structure, measurement invariance, and convergent validity of the MBI-GS in a large sample of Colombian workers. The MBI-GS was administered to a total sample of 978 workers from three private companies in Bogotá (66.9% males, 32.7% females, 0.4% other). All subscales showed adequate internal consistency (alphas ranging from 0.72 to 0.86). The three-factor model demonstrated a very good fit to the data (root mean square error of approximation - RMSEA = 0.05, comparative fit index - CFI = 0.99, non-normed fit index - NNFI = 0.98, and standardized root mean square residual - SRMR = 0.06). The measurement invariance both at a metric and scalar level was supported across gender, age group, and socioeconomic status. The MBI-GS subscales showed the expected correlations with job satisfaction, work engagement, psychological distress, and psychological inflexibility. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the MBI-GS demonstrated good psychometric properties in a Colombian sample.

Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de empresa termoeléctrica, Choloma, Honduras. Diciembre 2019 / Prevalence of Burnout syndrome in thermoelectric company workers, Choloma, Honduras. December 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de empresa termoeléctrica en Choloma, Honduras, diciembre 2019. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en empresa termoeléctrica, Choloma, Honduras, con una muestra a conveniencia de 35 trabajadores del departamento de Mantenimiento Mecánico Motores, tomando en cuenta los criterios de inclusión, utilizando un cuestionario que incluyó los elementos sociolaborales y los componentes del Maslach Burnout Inventory- General Survey. Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout obtenida al aplicar la Escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory en los trabajadores técnicos de empresa termoeléctrica es de 14% (5); con puntuaciones altas en las dimensiones de agotamiento emocional y cinismo/despersonalización y puntuaciones bajas en eficacia profesional. De los trabajadores encuestados, un 29% (10) se encuentra en riesgo moderado, pues presentan niveles altos en las dimensiones agotamiento o cinismo/despersonalización, o baja en eficacia profesional. El 43% (15) se encuentra en riesgo leve, debido a que puntuaron medio en 1 o 2 dimensiones. Conclusiones: A pesar de que la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout definido es baja, es importante resaltar que existe un porcentaje considerablemente alto de trabajadores en riesgo de desarrollar síndrome de burnout. Además, se evidencia que los trabajadores con Síndrome de Burnout oscilan entre los 20 y los 39 años, siendo la población más joven afectada por el síndrome de burnout. Palabras clave: Síndrome de burnout, síndrome de quemado, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General survey, Personal Técnico, empresa termoeléctrica, MBI-GS

Burnout among obstetricians and paediatricians: a cross-sectional study from China.

OBJECTIVES: Hospitals devoted to maternal and child health represent unique healthcare institutions in China. Healthcare professionals in these hospitals attend to health services for women and children, and also provide technical services and support for district maternal and children's healthcare as well as family planning. However, few studies have examined occupational burnout among doctors employed in these hospitals. This research addresses the gap in the literature. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of obstetricians and paediatricians from 11 maternal and child health hospitals across China was conducted May through June 2017. A total of 678 people completed a self-administered questionnaire. The survey included questions about demographics, doctor-patient relationships and networks of support as well as characteristics designed to capture the occurrence of burnout, such as emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. T-test, variance and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the data. RESULTS: The research revealed that 56.6% of obstetricians and paediatricians exhibited signs of occupational burnout. Poor doctor-patient relationships and high average number of weekly hours worked contributed to burnout. Additionally, low family support corresponded to physicians' low sense of professional efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors have contributed to occupational burnout among paediatricians and obstetricians at maternal and child health hospitals in China, including lack of family support, poor doctor-patient relationships and heavy workloads.

Measuring Burnout Among Psychiatry Clerkship Directors.

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among Psychiatry clerkship directors. METHODS: Psychiatry clerkship directors were solicited via email to complete an electronic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the Respondent Information Form. RESULTS: Fifty-four out of 110 surveys (49%) were completed. Fourteen percent of respondents scored in the "high exhaustion" category, 21.6% scored in the "low professional efficacy" category, 20.4% scored in the "high cynicism" category, and 15.1% of respondents met threshold for at least two of the three categories. Those who scored in the "low professional efficacy" category reported higher levels of salary support for research, while those who scored in the "high cynicism" category reported lower levels of salary support at a trend level. Those who scored in the "high cynicism" category were younger. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 14-22 percent of psychiatry clerkship directors reported some level of burnout depending on the subscale used. Future studies should aim to better identify those clerkship directors who are at greatest risk for becoming burned out by their educational role and to clarify the link between salary support for research, age, and burnout.

Validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey en ocho países Latinoamericanos / Factorial Validity of the Maslach-Burnout Inventory-General Survey in eight countries of Latin America

Objetivo: hoy es claro que el síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo no está necesariamente restringido a los profesionales de los servicios humanos y el uso del MBI-HSS sería inadecuado para aquellos trabajadores cuya función laboral esencial no está en el servicio a otras personas. Lo que llevó a la creación de un instrumento especial para trabajadores que no están en servicios humanos: el MBI-GS. En Latinoamérica son numerosos los estudios con MBI-HSS, pero el uso del MBI-GS aún no se ha extendido; es de esperarse que a corto plazo lo haga y por ello es relevante contar con estudios de validación instrumental en esta región. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con una muestra aleatoria no representativa de la Población Económicamente Activa en 8 países latinoamericanos. Participaron 2470 trabajadores no asistenciales, pertenecientes al sector de la economía formal, con al menos un año de antigüedad laboral. Resultados: Los factores extraídos no coincidieron con el modelo trifactorial de la escala, los ítems de agotamiento emocional y cinismo se agrupan en el primer factor, excepto el ítem 8, que pertenece a cinismo y aparece en el tercer factor, pero con la menor carga factorial (0,362); en el factor 2 se agrupan correctamente los ítems de eficacia profesional. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró que el instrumento explica el 53,85% de la varianza total con un alpha de cronbach de 0,75. Conclusiones: se recomienda hacer mayores análisis en la línea de autores que aseguran que el síndrome de burnout se compone tan sólo de dos dimensiones; y utilizar el instrumento como tres escalas de manera independiente y no usar el puntaje total MBI.

Objective: Nowadays it is clear that the syndrome of being burned at work is not necessarily restricted to professionals in the human services and the use of the MBI-HSS would be inappropriate for those workers whose essential job function is not in service to others persons. This is what led to the creation and use of the MBI-GS. In Latin America, there are numerous studies with MBI-HSS, although the use of the MBI-GS has not yet being spread, it is expected that in the short term it will do so, and it is therefore relevant to count with studies of instrumental validation in this domain. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a random sample unrepresentative of the Economically Active Population in 8 Latin American countries. 2470 workers with no one human service participated; they belonged to the sector of the formal economy, with at least one year of seniority. Results: The extracted factors do not coincided with the threefactor model of the scale, the items of emotional exhaustion and cynicism are grouped in the first factor, except the item 8, which belongs to cynicism and it appears in the third factor but with the lower factor load (0,362); in factor 2 the professional efficacy items are grouped correctly. The analysis of the exploratory factor showed that the instrument explains the 53,85% of the total variance with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0,75. Conclusions: It is recommended to do further analysis in the line of authors that ensure that the burnout syndrome consists only of two dimensions; and use the instrument as three scales in an independent way and do not use the total score MBI.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial y burnout en población económicamente activa de Lima, Perú / Psychosocial risk factors and burnout in economically active population of lima, Peru

El estudio de los factores de riesgo psicosocial recobra mayor relevancia ante las dinámicas impuestas por las economías globalizadas que generan entornos competitivos, aumentando las exigencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales de los trabajadores, quienes manifiestan diversas respuestas como el estrés laboral crónico también conocido como burnout o Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia del burnout y su relación con la presencia de factores de riesgo psicosocial laborales, percibidos como negativos en trabajadores de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) de Lima, Perú. Se encuestaron 339 trabajadores con la aplicación del Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS)¹, instrumento en su nueva versión, y la escala de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo², encontrándose prevalencia de burnout muy alto en la dimensión desgaste emocional o agotamiento (6,22%), asociado con 4 diferentes factores de riesgo psicosocial. El mayor factor de riesgo lo representan las exigencias laborales (p<0,004) y (OR= 6,979) con la dimensión cinismo de burnout; lo anterior deja de manifiesto que ante las exigencias laborales, los trabajadores expresan actitudes cínicas como mecanismo de defensa, por lo que se concluye que la prevalencia del burnout se relaciona significativamente con los factores de riesgo psicosocial, de ahí que las organizaciones deben prestar especial atención en estos factores.

The study of psychosocial risk factors regains more relevance to the dynamics imposed by globalized economies that generate competitive environments, increasing the physical, psychological and social needs of workers who manifest different answers as chronic job stress also known as Burnout or Syndrome of burning for Work (SQT). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and its relationship with the presence of occupational psychosocial risk factors, perceived as negative in workers of the Economically Active Population (EAP) in Lima, Peru. 339 workers were surveyed with the implementation of Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS)¹, instrument in its new version, and the scale of Psychosocial Factors in Work², finding high prevalence of burnout in the dimension emotional exhaustion (6,22% ), associated with 4 different psychosocial risk factors, the biggest risk factor is represented by work demands (p <0,004) and (OR = 6,979) with the cynicism of burnout dimension, the previous makes it clear that with work demands, workers expressed cynicism as a defense mechanism, so it is concluded that the prevalence of burnout was significantly related to psychosocial risk factors, hence that organizations should pay special attention to these factors.